Artificial Intelligence/Chronology

Artificial intelligence over the years

The field of artificial intelligence has growth over a period of more than sixty years and machines still can't emulate human thought processes. The table below shows some significant milestones that occurred along the way. Due to the nature of the book, detailed information about each interval might serve the pages of yet another book on the WikiBook shelf regarding the history of AI.

Table 1: Chronological history of Artificial Intelligence
The information in this table is colour-coded with appropriate colour indicating the faction of Artificial Intelligence the event is related to. To know which color belongs to which please refer to the legend here:

	General events
	Neural Networks
	Heuristics Searching

Year	Event/Milestone
1943	Warren Sturgis McCulloch and Walter Pitts propose the model of a neuron in a human and animal brain.
1945	George Pólya coins the term heuristics in his book about problem solving called "How to Solve It".
1948	Norbert Wiener introduces his feedback theory based on the works of McCulloch and Pitts, resulting in the creations of the field of Cybernetics.
1949	Donald Olding Hebb suggests creation of neural networks, network of artificial neurons that can think.
1950	Alan Turing publish Computing machinery and intelligence. It indroduced the concept of Turing test. It was also the origin of the thesis that cognition is computation (computationalism)
1951	Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds assemble the first ever neural network machine 300 vacuum tubes and a surplus auto-pilot from a B-24 bomber.
1953	Marvin Minsky invents and patents the first confocal scanning microscope, a device used to image interconnections of neurons in much greater detail than the Golgi staining process
1956	The Dartmouth Conference is organized by John McCarthy, at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and attracts the first ever AI enthusiasts. Artificial Intelligence was formally recognized as a field of knowledge. George Miller writes an essay on short-term memory entitled "The Magical Number Seven..." Herbert Simon and Allen Newell create the first AI program called the Logic Theorist.
1957	Herbert Simon and Allen Newell came up with yet another program called the General Problem Solver to overcome the logical shortcomings of the Logic Theorists and to encapsulate within itself a universal problem solver.