Aryl group

In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl.[1] "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.

A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:

  • The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)
  • The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)
  • The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene

Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.

  1. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "aryl groups". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00464
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