Fischer–Tropsch process

The Fischer–Tropsch process (FT) is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. These reactions occur in the presence of metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of 150–300 °C (302–572 °F) and pressures of one to several tens of atmospheres. The Fischer–Tropsch process is an important reaction in both coal liquefaction and gas to liquids technology for producing liquid hydrocarbons.[1]

In the usual implementation, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the feedstocks for FT, are produced from coal, natural gas, or biomass in a process known as gasification. The process then converts these gases into synthetic lubrication oil and synthetic fuel.[2] This process has received intermittent attention as a source of low-sulfur diesel fuel and to address the supply or cost of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Fischer–Tropsch process is discussed as a step of producing carbon-neutral liquid hydrocarbon fuels from CO2 and hydrogen.[3][4][5]

The process was first developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, in 1925.[6]

  1. ^ Höök, Mikael; Fantazzini, Dean; Angelantoni, André; Snowden, Simon (2013). "Hydrocarbon liquefaction: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 372 (2006): 20120319. Bibcode:2013RSPTA.37220319H. doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0319. PMID 24298075. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  2. ^ "U.S. Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products". tonto.eia.doe.gov. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  3. ^ Davis, S.J., Lewis, N.S., Shaner, M., Aggarwal, S., Arent, D., Azevedo, I.L., Benson, S.M., Bradley, T., Brouwer, J., Chiang, Y.M. and Clack, C.T., 2018. Net-zero emissions energy systems. Science, 360(6396), p.eaas9793
  4. ^ Chen, Chi; Garedew, Mahlet; Sheehan, Stafford W. (2022). "Single-Step Production of Alcohols and Paraffins from CO2 and H2 at Metric Ton Scale". ACS Energy Letters. 7 (3): 988–992. Bibcode:2022ACSEL...7..988C. doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00214. S2CID 246930138.
  5. ^ Trakimavicius, Lukas (December 2023). "Mission Net-Zero: Charting the Path for E-fuels in the Military". NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence.
  6. ^ Arno de Klerk (2013). "Fischer–Tropsch Process". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–20. doi:10.1002/0471238961.fiscdekl.a01. ISBN 978-0471238966.
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