Galinstan

Galinstan
Galinstan from a broken thermometer wetting a disc of glass
Physical properties
Density (ρ)6.44 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Thermal properties
Melting temperature (Tm)−19 °C (−2 °F)
Specific heat capacity (c)296 J·kg−1·K−1
Sources[1][2][3]

Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature.[4][5] In scientific literature, galinstan is also used to denote the eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, which melts at around +11 °C (52 °F).[5] The commercial product Galinstan is not a eutectic alloy, but a near eutectic alloy.[5] Additionally, it likely has added flux to improve flowability, to reduce melting temperature, and to reduce surface tension.[5]

Eutectic galinstan is composed of 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, and 10.0% Sn (by mass).[6]

Due to the low toxicity and low reactivity of its component metals, galinstan has replaced the toxic liquid mercury or the reactive sodium–potassium alloy in many applications such as bulb thermometers and high-temperature heat exchangers.

  1. ^ Hodes, Marc; Zhang, Rui; Steigerwalt Lam, Lisa; Wilcoxon, Ross; Lower, Nate (2014). "On the Potential of Galinstan-Based Minichannel and Minigap Cooling". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology. 4 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2274699. ISSN 2156-3950. S2CID 30876603.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference scitoys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference melt and boil pt. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Surmann, P; Zeyat, H (Nov 2005). "Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 383 (6): 1009–1013. doi:10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7. PMID 16228199. S2CID 22732411.
  5. ^ a b c d Handschuh-Wang, Stephan; Gan, Tiansheng; Rauf, Muhammad; Yang, Weifa; Stadler, Florian J.; Zhou, Xuechang (December 2022). "The subtle difference between Galinstan and eutectic GaInSn". Materialia. 26: 101642. doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101642. S2CID 254003580.
  6. ^ Liu, Jing (2018-07-14). "Ch 5 Preparations and Characterizations of Functional Liquid Metal Materials". Liquid metal biomaterials : principles and applications. Yi, Liting. Singapore. p. 96. ISBN 9789811056079. OCLC 1044746336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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