Hypochlorite

Hypochlorite
Names
	IUPAC name Hypochlorite
	Systematic IUPAC name Chlorate(I)
	Other names Chloroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	14380-61-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29222 ;
ChemSpider	55632 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.235.795
Gmelin Reference	682
PubChem CID	61739;
UNII	T5UM7HB19N ;
UN number	3212
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8073136 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClO/c1-2/q-1 Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/ClO/c1-2/q-1 Key: WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYAZ;
	SMILES [O-]Cl;
Properties
Conjugate acid	Hypochlorous acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

In chemistry, hypochlorite, or chloroxide is an oxyanion with the chemical formula ClO⁻. It combines with a number of cations to form hypochlorite salts. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine").^[1] The Cl–O distance in ClO⁻ is 1.69 Å.^[2]

The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule. The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent.^[3]

Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.

^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Topić, Filip; Marrett, Joseph M.; Borchers, Tristan H.; Titi, Hatem M.; Barrett, Christopher J.; Friščić, Tomislav (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.
^ Mintz, M. J.; C. Walling (1969). "t-Butyl hypochlorite". Organic Syntheses. 49: 9. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.049.0009.

[G&E-1] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[2] Topić, Filip; Marrett, Joseph M.; Borchers, Tristan H.; Titi, Hatem M.; Barrett, Christopher J.; Friščić, Tomislav (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.

[mintz-3] Mintz, M. J.; C. Walling (1969). "t-Butyl hypochlorite". Organic Syntheses. 49: 9. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.049.0009.

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