Ideal solution

An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases.[1][2] The enthalpy of mixing is zero[3] as is the volume change on mixing.[2] The vapor pressures of all components obey Raoult's law across the entire range of concentrations,[2] and the activity coefficient (which measures deviation from ideality) is equal to one for each component.[4]

The concept of an ideal solution is fundamental to both thermodynamics and chemical thermodynamics and their applications, such as the explanation of colligative properties.

  1. ^ Felder, Richard M.; Rousseau, Ronald W.; Bullard, Lisa G. (2005). Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes (3 ed.). Wiley. p. 293. ISBN 978-0471687573.
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Atkins was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ A to Z of Thermodynamics Pierre Perrot ISBN 0-19-856556-9
  4. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "ideal mixture". doi:10.1351/goldbook.I02938
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