Isotopes of silicon

Isotopes of silicon (₁₄Si)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Si)
	[28.084, 28.086]; 28.085±0.001 (abridged);

Silicon (₁₄Si) has 25 known isotopes, with mass number ranging from 22 to 46. ²⁸Si (the most abundant isotope, at 92.24%), ²⁹Si (4.67%), and ³⁰Si (3.07%) are stable. The longest-lived radioisotope is ³²Si, which occurs naturally in tiny quantities from cosmic ray spallation of argon. Its half-life has been determined to be approximately 157 years; it beta decays with energy 0.21 MeV to ³²P, which in turn beta-decays, with half-life 14.269 days to ³²S; neither step has gamma emission. After ³²Si, ³¹Si has the second longest half-life at 157.2 minutes. All others have half-lives under 7 seconds.

^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silicon". CIAAW. 2009.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[CIAAWsilicon-2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Silicon". CIAAW. 2009.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[1]

[2]

[3]