Meisenheimer complex

A Meisenheimer complex or Jackson–Meisenheimer complex in organic chemistry is a 1:1 reaction adduct between an arene carrying electron withdrawing groups and a nucleophile. These complexes are found as reactive intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution but stable and isolated Meisenheimer salts are also known.[1][2][3]

  1. ^ G. A. Artamkina; M. P. Egorov; I. P. Beletskaya (1982). "Some aspects of anionic σ-complexes". Chemical Reviews. 82 (4): 427–459. doi:10.1021/cr00050a004.
  2. ^ Francois Terrier (1982). "Rate and equilibrium studies in Jackson-Meisenheimer complexes". Chem. Rev. 82 (2): 77–152. doi:10.1021/cr00048a001.
  3. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "Meisenheimer complex". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03819
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