Organomagnesium chemistry

Organomagnesium chemistry, a subfield of organometallic compounds, refers to the study of magnesium compounds that contains Mg-C bonds. Magnesium is the second element in group 2 (alkaline earth metals), and the ionic radius of Mg2+ is 86 pm, which is larger than Be2+ (59 pm) and smaller than the heavier alkaline earth metal dications (Ca2+ 114 pm, Sr2+ 132 pm, Ba2+ 149 pm),[1] in accordance with periodic trends. Magnesium is less covalent compared to beryllium, and the radius is not large enough for accommodating large number of ligands compared to calcium, strontium and barium. Thus, organomagnesium compounds exhibit unique structure and reactivity in group 2.[2]

The most important type of organomagnesium compound is the Grignard reagents,[3] which are widely used in different fields of synthetic chemistry, especially in organic synthesis, for Grignard reagents serves as a robust source of carbanion. Although most other directions in organomagnesium chemistry are mainly limited to research interest, some areas, such as their application in catalysis and materials, are fast developing. Although most characterized Mg(I) and Mg(0) compounds do not contain Mg-C bonds,[4][5][6] which means they cannot be rigorously categorized as organomagnesium compounds, they will be briefly discussed at the end of this page because of their great importance.

  1. ^ Shannon, R. D. (1976-09-01). "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides". Acta Crystallographica Section A. 32 (5): 751–767. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551.
  2. ^ Hill, Michael S.; Liptrot, David J.; Weetman, Catherine (2016). "Alkaline earths as main group reagents in molecular catalysis". Chemical Society Reviews. 45 (4): 972–988. doi:10.1039/C5CS00880H. PMID 26797470.
  3. ^ Seyferth, Dietmar (2009-03-23). "The Grignard Reagents". Organometallics. 28 (6): 1598–1605. doi:10.1021/om900088z.
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  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ref6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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