Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms, including through bacterial fermentation of sugars or lipids.[1] When produced by bacteria they serve as both a source of energy and as a carbon store. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties.[2] These plastics are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics.[3]

They can be either thermoplastic or elastomeric materials,[4] with melting points ranging from 40 to 180 °C.

The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PHA can also be changed by blending, modifying the surface or combining PHA with other polymers, enzymes and inorganic materials, making it possible for a wider range of applications.[5]

  1. ^ Lu, Jingnan; Tappel, Ryan C.; Nomura, Christopher T. (2009-08-05). "Mini-Review: Biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates)". Polymer Reviews. 49 (3): 226–248. doi:10.1080/15583720903048243. ISSN 1558-3724. S2CID 96937618.
  2. ^ Doi, Yoshiharu; Steinbuchel, Alexander (2002). Biopolymers. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-30225-3.
  3. ^ Bhubalan, Kesaven; Lee, Wing-Hin; Sudesh, Kumar (2011-05-03), Domb, Abraham J.; Kumar, Neeraj; Ezra, Aviva (eds.), "Polyhydroxyalkanoate", Biodegradable Polymers in Clinical Use and Clinical Development, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 247–315, doi:10.1002/9781118015810.ch8, ISBN 978-1-118-01581-0
  4. ^ Rodriguez-Contreras, Alejandra (2019-09-12). "Recent Advances in the Use of Polyhydroyalkanoates in Biomedicine". Bioengineering. 6 (3): 82. doi:10.3390/bioengineering6030082. ISSN 2306-5354. PMC 6784168. PMID 31547270.
  5. ^ Michael, Anne John (September 12, 2004). "Polyhydroxyalkanoates for tissue engineering". Archived from the original on January 28, 2007.
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