Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate
Names
	IUPAC name Adenosine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
	Systematic IUPAC name O1-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	56-65-5 (free acid) ; 34369-07-8 (disodium salt hydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:15422 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL14249 ;
ChemSpider	5742 ;
DrugBank	DB00171 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.258
IUPHAR/BPS	1713;
KEGG	C00002 ;
PubChem CID	5957;
UNII	8L70Q75FXE ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6022559 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 Key: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N ; Key: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUBG;
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O; c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H16N5O13P3
Molar mass	507.18 g/mol
Density	1.04 g/cm3 (disodium salt)
Melting point	187 °C (369 °F; 460 K) disodium salt; decomposes
Acidity (pKa)	0.9, 1.4, 3.8, 6.5
UV-vis (λmax)	259 nm
Absorbance	ε259 = 15.4 mM−1 cm−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate^[2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" for intracellular energy transfer.^[3]

When consumed in a metabolic process, ATP converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a coenzyme. An average adult human processes around 50 kilograms (about 100 moles) daily.^[4]

From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate.

^ ^a ^b "Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt Product Information" (PDF). Sigma. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
^ Dunn, Jacob; Grider, Michael H. (2023). "Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31985968. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^ Knowles, J. R. (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49: 877–919. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305. PMID 6250450.
^ "An average individual with a daily diet of 8000 kJ and a 30% efficiency of turning foodstuffs into chemical energy will synthesize (and hydrolyze) about 50 kg of ATP during 1 day." Wilkens, Stephan (2008). "ATP Synthesis, Chemistry of". Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology. doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb648. ISBN 9780471754770.

[lamda_source_1-1] "Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt Product Information" (PDF). Sigma. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-03-22.

[2] Dunn, Jacob; Grider, Michael H. (2023). "Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31985968. Retrieved 13 November 2023.

[3] Knowles, J. R. (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49: 877–919. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305. PMID 6250450.

[4] "An average individual with a daily diet of 8000 kJ and a 30% efficiency of turning foodstuffs into chemical energy will synthesize (and hydrolyze) about 50 kg of ATP during 1 day." Wilkens, Stephan (2008). "ATP Synthesis, Chemistry of". Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology. doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb648. ISBN 9780471754770.

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