Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). Naturally occurring AGIs are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and white mulberry as well as some bacteria.[1][2][3][4] Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars (monosaccharides) by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining the intestine, enabling monosaccharides to be absorbed through the intestine. Hence, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors reduce the impact of dietary carbohydrates on blood sugar.[5][1]

  1. ^ a b Moreira, Fernanda Duarte; Reis, Caio Eduardo Gonçalves; Gallassi, Andrea Donatti; Moreira, Daniel Carneiro; Welker, Alexis Fonseca (2024-10-09). Dardari, Dured (ed.). "Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial". PLOS ONE. 19 (10): e0311501. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1911501M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311501. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11463819. PMID 39383145.
  2. ^ Hayward, Nicholas J.; McDougall, Gordon J.; Farag, Sara; Allwood, J. William; Austin, Ceri; Campbell, Fiona; Horgan, Graham; Ranawana, Viren (December 2019). "Cinnamon Shows Antidiabetic Properties that Are Species-Specific: Effects on Enzyme Activity Inhibition and Starch Digestion". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 74 (4): 544–552. Bibcode:2019PFHN...74..544H. doi:10.1007/s11130-019-00760-8. ISSN 0921-9668. PMC 6900266. PMID 31372918.
  3. ^ Lown, Mark; Fuller, Richard; Lightowler, Helen (2017). "Mulberry-extract improves glucose tolerance and decreases insulin concentrations in normoglycaemic adults: Results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0172239. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272239L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172239. PMC 5321430. PMID 28225835.
  4. ^ Lee, Hyunjin; Seo, Myung-Ji; Jang, Sungho (2024). "1‑Deoxynojirimycin‑producing bacteria: production, optimization, biosynthesis, biological activities". Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering. 29: 981–992. doi:10.1007/s12257-024-00159-6.
  5. ^ Hayward, Nicholas J.; McDougall, Gordon J.; Farag, Sara; Allwood, J. William; Austin, Ceri; Campbell, Fiona; Horgan, Graham; Ranawana, Viren (December 2019). "Cinnamon Shows Antidiabetic Properties that Are Species-Specific: Effects on Enzyme Activity Inhibition and Starch Digestion". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 74 (4): 544–552. Bibcode:2019PFHN...74..544H. doi:10.1007/s11130-019-00760-8. ISSN 0921-9668. PMC 6900266. PMID 31372918.
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