Asgard (Archaea)

Promethearchaeati
Scientific classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom:
Imachi et al. 2024
Type genus
Promethearchaeum
Imachi et al., 2024
Phyla and classes[1][2][3][4][5][6]
  • "Ca. Atabeyarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Baldrarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Borrarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Freyrarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Friggarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Gefionarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Gerdarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Heimdallarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Helarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Hermodarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Hodarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Idunnarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Kariarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Njordarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Odinarchaeota"
  • Promethearchaeota
  • "Ca. Sifarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Sigynarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Thorarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Wukongarchaeota"
  • "Ca. Asgardarchaeia"
  • "Ca. Jordarchaeia"
Synonyms
  • "Asgard" Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka et al. 2017
  • "Ca. Asgardaeota" Whitman 2018
  • "Ca. Asgardarchaeota" Violette Da Cunha et al. 2017

Promethearchaeati (previously known as superphylum "Asgard") is a kingdom belonging to the domain Archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins.[7] It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals, plants, fungi and protists, emerged within the Promethearchaeati,[8] in a branch containing the "Candidatus Heimdallarchaeota".[9] This supports the two-domain system of classification over the three-domain system.[10]

After including the kingdom category into ICNP, the only validly published name of this group is kingdom Promethearchaeati.[11]

  1. ^ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Promethearchaeati)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2025-07-02.
  2. ^ Valentin-Alvarado, Luis. "Microbial Tapestry: Interwoven Activities of Novel Uncultivated Microorganisms, Their Genome Structures, and Mobile Genetic Elements in Subsurface Ecosystems - ProQuest". ProQuest. Retrieved 18 July 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Xie, Ruize; Wang, Yinzhao; Huang, Danyue; Hou, Jialin; Li, Liuyang; Hu, Haining; Zhao, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Fengping (2021-08-06). "Expanding Asgard members in the domain of Archaea sheds new light on the origin of eukaryotes". Science China Life Sciences. 65 (4): 818–829. doi:10.1007/s11427-021-1969-6. ISSN 1869-1889.
  4. ^ Tamarit, Daniel; Köstlbacher, Stephan; Appler, Kathryn E.; Panagiotou, Kassiani; De Anda, Valerie; Rinke, Christian; Baker, Brett J.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (2024-07-01). "Description of Asgardarchaeum abyssi gen. nov. spec. nov., a novel species within the class Asgardarchaeia and phylum Asgardarchaeota in accordance with the SeqCode". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 47 (4): 126525. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126525. ISSN 0723-2020.
  5. ^ Sun, Jiarui; Evans, Paul N; Gagen, Emma J; Woodcroft, Ben J; Hedlund, Brian P; Woyke, Tanja; Hugenholtz, Philip; Rinke, Christian (2021-12-01). "Recoding of stop codons expands the metabolic potential of two novel Asgardarchaeota lineages". ISME Communications. 1 (1): 30. doi:10.1038/s43705-021-00032-0. ISSN 2730-6151. PMC 9723677. PMID 36739331.
  6. ^ Imachi, Hiroyuki; Nobu, Masaru K.; Kato, Shingo; Takaki, Yoshihiro; Miyazaki, Masayuki; Miyata, Makoto; Ogawara, Miyuki; Saito, Yumi; Sakai, Sanae; Tahara, Yuhei O.; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, Eiji; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Yoshimura, Toshihiro; Itoh, Takashi; Ohkuma, Moriya; Takai, Ken (5 July 2024). "Promethearchaeum syntrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, obligately syntrophic archaeon, the first isolate of the lineage 'Asgard' archaea, and proposal of the new archaeal phylum Promethearchaeota phyl. nov. and kingdom Promethearchaeati regn. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (7). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006435. PMC 11316595.
  7. ^ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; et al. (January 2017). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. 541 (7637): 353–358. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..353Z. doi:10.1038/nature21031. OSTI 1580084. PMID 28077874. S2CID 4458094.
  8. ^ Eme, Laura; Spang, Anja; Lombard, Jonathan; Stairs, Courtney W.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (November 2017). "Archaea and the origin of eukaryotes". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 15 (12): 711–723. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.133. PMID 29123225. S2CID 8666687.
  9. ^ Williams, Tom A.; Cox, Cymon J.; Foster, Peter G.; Szöllősi, Gergely J.; Embley, T. Martin (January 2020). "Phylogenomics provides robust support for a two-domains tree of life". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (1): 138–147. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1040-x. PMC 6942926. PMID 31819234.
  10. ^ Nobs, Stephanie-Jane; MacLeod, Fraser I.; Wong, Hon Lun; Burns, Brendan P. (May 2022). "Eukarya the chimera: eukaryotes, a secondary innovation of the two domains of life?". Trends in Microbiology. 30 (5): 421–431. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.11.003. PMID 34863611. S2CID 244823103.
  11. ^ Imachi, Hiroyuki; Nobu, Masaru K.; Kato, Shingo; Takaki, Yoshihiro; Miyazaki, Masayuki; Miyata, Makoto; Ogawara, Miyuki; Saito, Yumi; Sakai, Sanae; Tahara, Yuhei O.; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, Eiji; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Yoshimura, Toshihiro; Itoh, Takashi; Ohkuma, Moriya; Takai, Ken (5 July 2024). "Promethearchaeum syntrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, obligately syntrophic archaeon, the first isolate of the lineage 'Asgard' archaea, and proposal of the new archaeal phylum Promethearchaeota phyl. nov. and kingdom Promethearchaeati regn. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (7). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006435. PMC 11316595.
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