Atenolol

Atenolol
Clinical data
Trade namesTenormin, others
Other namesICI-66082; ICI66082
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684031
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		Oral, intravenous
Drug classBeta blocker; β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist; Selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist; Sympatholytic agent; Antihypertensive agent; Anxiolytic
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability50–60%[1][2]
Protein binding6–16%[3]
MetabolismMinimal (~5%)[3][4][5]
Metabolites• Hydroxyatenolol[2]
• Atenolol glucuronide[2]
Onset of actionIVTooltip Intravenous injection: <5 minutes[3]
Oral: <1 hour[3]
Elimination half-life6–7 hours[3]
Duration of action>24 hours[3]
ExcretionOral: urine (40–50%), feces (50%)[2][3]
IVTooltip Intravenous injection: urine (85–100%), feces (10%)[2][3]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (RS)-2-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}acetamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.044.941
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H22N2O3
Molar mass266.341 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
SMILES
  • O=C(N)Cc1ccc(cc1)OCC(O)CNC(C)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18)
  • Key:METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain.[6] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition.[7][8] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.[6][9] It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein).[6][9] It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.[9]

Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath.[6] Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm.[6] Use is not recommended during pregnancy[6] and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding.[10] It works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing heart rate, force of heart beats, and blood pressure.[6]

Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975.[11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[6] In 2022, it was the 63rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.[13][14]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference WadworthMurdochBrogden1991 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference HeelBrogdenSpeight1979 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "DailyMed - TENORMIN- atenolol tablet". DailyMed. 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference BroddeKroemer2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference KirchGörg1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Atenolol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  7. ^ Tomiyama H, Yamashina A (2014). "Beta-Blockers in the Management of Hypertension and/or Chronic Kidney Disease". International Journal of Hypertension. 2014: 919256. doi:10.1155/2014/919256. PMC 3941231. PMID 24672712.
  8. ^ DiNicolantonio JJ, Fares H, Niazi AK, Chatterjee S, D'Ascenzo F, Cerrato E, et al. (2015). "β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature". Open Heart. 2 (1): e000230. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014-000230. PMC 4371808. PMID 25821584.
  9. ^ a b c British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9780857113382.
  10. ^ "Atenolol use while Breastfeeding". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  11. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 9783527607495.
  12. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  14. ^ "Atenolol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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