Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test
| Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Park's three-step test, Bielschowsky head tilt test |
| Test of | Extraocular muscle |
The Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test,[1] also known as Park's three-step test or Bielschowsky head tilt test,[2] is a method used to isolate the paretic extraocular muscle, particularly superior oblique muscle and trochlear nerve (fourth cranial nerve),[3] in acquired vertical double vision.[4] It was originally described by Marshall M. Parks.[5]
- ^ Yeung, Pauline HN; Lam, Andrew KC (10 September 1998). "Fourth nerve palsy with monovision". Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 81 (5): 206–209. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1998.tb06737.x. PMID 12482321. S2CID 25092239.
- ^ Elliott, David B. "6.16: Identifying the Defective Muscle: Parks 3-Step Test". Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care (4th ed.). Retrieved 2 February 2014. citing von Noorden GK: Binocular vision and ocular motility: Theory and management of strabismus. London, CV Mosby, 2002.
- ^ Yanoff, Myron; Duker, Jay S. (13 December 2013). Ophthalmology: Expert Consult: Online and Print. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1220. ISBN 978-1-4557-3984-4.
- ^ Wang, Frederick M. "Strabismus" (PDF): 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Helveston, Eugene M. (ed.). "Diagnosis and Classification of Superior Oblique Palsy". Project ORBIS International Inc. Retrieved 2 February 2014.