Birth rate

Birth rate, also known as natality, is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a given period divided by the length of the period in years.[1] The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic techniques such as population pyramids. The birth rate (along with mortality and migration rates) is used to calculate population growth. The estimated average population may be taken as the mid-year population.[2][3]

When the crude death rate is subtracted from the crude birth rate (CBR), the result is the rate of natural increase (RNI).[4] This is equal to the rate of population change (excluding migration).[4]

The total (crude) birth rate (which includes all births)—typically indicated as births per 1,000 population—is distinguished from a set of age-specific rates (the number of births per 1,000 persons, or more usually 1,000 females, in each age group).[5] The first known use of the term "birth rate" in English was in 1856.[6]

World historical and projected crude birth rates (1950–2050)
UN, medium variant, 2019 rev.[7]
Years CBR Years CBR
1950–1955 36.9 2000–2005 21.0
1955–1960 35.4 2005–2010 20.3
1960–1965 35.2 2010–2015 19.5
1965–1970 34.0 2015–2020 18.5
1970–1975 31.4 2020–2025 17.5
1975–1980 28.5 2025–2030 16.6
1980–1985 27.7 2030–2035 16.0
1985–1990 27.4 2035–2040 15.5
1990–1995 24.2 2040–2045 15.0
1995–2000 22.2 2045–2050 14.6

The average global birth rate was 17 births per 1,000 total population in 2024. The death rate was 7.9 per 1,000.[8] The RNI was thus 0.91 percent. In 2012, the average global birth rate was 19.611 per 1,000 according to the World Bank[9] and 19.15 births per 1,000 total population according to the CIA,[10] compared to 20.09 per 1,000 total population in 2007.[11] Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1,000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1,000 are considered high.[12]

The 2024 average of 17 births per 1,000 total population equates to approximately 4.3 births per second or about 260 births per minute for the world. On average, two people in the world die every second or about 121 per minute.[8]

  1. ^ "Definitions and Notes - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Data - Population and Demographic Indicators". econ.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  3. ^ See "Fertility rates"; Economic Geography Glossary at University of Washington
  4. ^ a b "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) | Data | Table". Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  5. ^ "birthrate: Definition from". Answers.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  6. ^ "Definition of Birthrate". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  7. ^ "UNdata: Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)". UNdata. United Nations. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  8. ^ a b "CIA World Factbook". 2024.
  9. ^ "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) | Data". Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  10. ^ Staff (2012). "FIELD LISTING :: BIRTH RATE". Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  11. ^ Staff (6 December 2007). "FIELD LISTING - BIRTH RATE". Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Fertility and Birth Rates". Child Trends. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
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