Blaschko's lines

Blaschko's lines
Incontinentia pigmenti forming along Blaschko's lines in a 3-year-old girl

Blaschko's lines, also called the lines of Blaschko, are lines of normal cell development in the skin. These lines are only visible in those with a mosaic[1][2][3] skin condition or in chimeras where different cell lines contain different genes.[4] These lines may express different amounts of melanin,[5] or become visible due to a differing susceptibility to disease. In such individuals, they can become apparent as whorls, patches, streaks or lines in a linear or segmental distribution over the skin. They follow a V shape over the back, S-shaped whirls over the chest and sides, and wavy shapes on the head.[6][7] Not all mosaic skin conditions follow Blaschko's lines.[8]

The lines are believed to trace the migration of embryonic cells.[4] They do not correspond to underlying nervous, muscular, or lymphatic systems. The lines are not unique to humans and can be observed in other non-human animals with mosaicism.[9][10]

Alfred Blaschko is credited with the first demonstration of these lines in 1901.[11]

  1. ^ Fitzpatrick JE, High WA (2017). "17, Linear and Serpiginous Lesions". In Kyle WL (ed.). Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis. Elsevier. pp. 289–300. ISBN 978-0-323-49709-1.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Roach ES (2004). Neurocutaneous Disorders. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-521-78153-4.
  4. ^ a b Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2022). "51. Mosaic skin conditions". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 468–488. ISBN 978-0-323-62453-4.
  5. ^ Madan, Kamlesh (1 September 2020). "Natural human chimeras: A review". European Journal of Medical Genetics. 63 (9): 103971. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103971. ISSN 1769-7212. PMID 32565253.
  6. ^ Brown PM (2002). Transcription. CRC Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-415-27200-1.
  7. ^ Tenea D (22 December 2016). "The Puzzle of the Skin Patterns". Integrative Medicine International. 4 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1159/000452949. ISSN 2296-7362.
  8. ^ Molho-Pessach, Vered; Schaffer, Julie V. (1 March 2011). "Blaschko lines and other patterns of cutaneous mosaicism". Clinics in Dermatology. Advances in Dermatologic Diagnosis: Part I. 29 (2): 205–225. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.09.012. ISSN 0738-081X. PMID 21396561.
  9. ^ Muller G, Kirk R (2001). Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7216-7618-0.
  10. ^ Gross TL (2004). Veterinary Dermatopathology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-632-06452-6.
  11. ^ Blaschko A (1901). Die Nervenverteilung in der Haut in ihre Beziehung zu den Erkrankungen der Haut [The distribution of nerves in the skin in their relation to diseases of the skin] (in German). Vienna, Austria & Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Braumüller. From p. 41: "Ganz ohne meinen Willen … das ich Ihnen bieten kann." (Quite without my intending it, these stripe-form naevi [i.e., skin lesions] and dermatoses have become the main object of my work: in part this is perhaps because much material was collected especially about this disorder. I don't want to repeat myself, but I would like to refer you, above all, to Plate XVI on p. 93, [figures] 1 and 2, the diagram of naevus lines, which, if I may say so, represent the quintessence of my work and perhaps is the one essentially new [thing] that I can offer you.) Kim is wrong. See also p. 15.
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