Brimonidine

Brimonidine
Clinical data
Pronunciation/brɪˈmoʊnɪdiːn/ bri-MOH-nid-een
Trade namesAlphagan, Mirvaso, Lumify, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601232
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismPrimarily liver
Elimination half-life3 hours (ocular), 12 hours (topical)
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) quinoxalin-6-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.149.042
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H10BrN5
Molar mass292.140 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point252 °C (486 °F)
SMILES
  • Brc2c1nccnc1ccc2N/C3=N/CCN3
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C11H10BrN5/c12-9-7(17-11-15-5-6-16-11)1-2-8-10(9)14-4-3-13-8/h1-4H,5-6H2,(H2,15,16,17) Y
  • Key:XYLJNLCSTIOKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Brimonidine is an α2 agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea.[4][5] In rosacea it improves the redness.[5] It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin.[4][5] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication brimonidine/timolol along with timolol maleate.[6]

Common side effects when used in the eyes include itchiness, redness, and a dry mouth.[4] Common side effects when used on the skin include redness, burning, and headaches.[5] More significant side effects may include allergic reactions and low blood pressure.[5][4] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.[5][4] When applied to the eye it works by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor made while increasing the amount that drains from the eye.[4] When applied to the skin it works by causing blood vessels to contract.[5]

Brimonidine was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1996.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[8][9] In 2022, it was the 199th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[10][11]

  1. ^ "Alphagan P- brimonidine tartrate solution/ drops". DailyMed. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  2. ^ "Mirvaso- brimonidine tartrate gel". DailyMed. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  3. ^ "Lumify Redness Reliever Eye Drops- brimonidine tartrate solution/ drops". DailyMed. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Brimonidine Tartrate eent Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Brimonidine Tartrate topical Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  6. ^ "COMBIGAN- brimonidine tartrate, timolol maleate solution/ drops". DailyMed. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  7. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 550. ISBN 9783527607495.
  8. ^ "Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  9. ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 1153. ISBN 9780857113382.
  10. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Brimonidine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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