Dimercaprol

Dimercaprol
	Skeletal formula and ball and stick model of dimercaprol
Clinical data
Trade names	BAL in Oil
Other names	2,3-Dimercaptopropanol; British Anti-Lewisite; 2,3-Dithiopropanol; 2,3-Dimercaptopropan-1-ol; British antilewisite
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Dimercaprol;
Routes of; administration	intramuscular
ATC code	V03AB09 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,3-Bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol;
CAS Number	59-52-9 ;
PubChem CID	3080;
DrugBank	DB06782;
ChemSpider	2971;
UNII	0CPP32S55X;
KEGG	D00167;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1597;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5040461 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.394
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C3H8OS2
Molar mass	124.22 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.239 g/cm3
Boiling point	393 °C (739 °F) at 2.0 kPa
	SMILES OCC(S)CS;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H8OS2/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2 ; Key:WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

Dimercaprol, also called British anti-Lewisite (BAL), is a medication used to treat acute poisoning by arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead.^[3] It may also be used for antimony, thallium, or bismuth poisoning, although the evidence for those uses is not very strong.^[3]^[4] It is given by injection into a muscle.^[3]

Common side effects include high blood pressure, pain at the site of the injection, vomiting, and fever.^[3] It is not recommended for people with peanut allergies as it is typically formulated as a suspension in peanut oil.^[3] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby.^[3] Dimercaprol is a chelator and works by binding with heavy metals.^[3] It has a very pungent odor.

Dimercaprol was first made during World War II.^[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[6]

^ Poisoning in Children. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2013. p. 70. ISBN 978-93-5025-773-9.
^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 697. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. The prefixes 'mercapto' (–SH), and 'hydroseleno' or selenyl (–SeH), etc. are no longer recommended.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Dimercaprol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 62. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-92-4-154765-9.
^ Greenwood D (2008). "Antiprotozoal Agents". Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-19-953484-5. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[1] Poisoning in Children. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2013. p. 70. ISBN 978-93-5025-773-9.

[iupac2013-2] Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 697. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. The prefixes 'mercapto' (–SH), and 'hydroseleno' or selenyl (–SeH), etc. are no longer recommended.

[AHFS2016-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Dimercaprol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[WHO2008-4] World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 62. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-92-4-154765-9.

[5] Greenwood D (2008). "Antiprotozoal Agents". Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. OUP Oxford. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-19-953484-5. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.

[WHO21st-6] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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