Cereibacter sphaeroides
| Cereibacter sphaeroides | |
|---|---|
| Cereibacter sphaeroides | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rhodobacterales |
| Family: | Rhodobacteraceae |
| Genus: | Cereibacter |
| Species: | C. sphaeroides
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cereibacter sphaeroides (van Niel, 1944) Hördt et al. 2020
| |
Cereibacter sphaeroides is a species of purple bacteria capable of generating energy through photosynthesis. It grows best under anaerobic phototrophic conditions, including both photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic modes, and under aerobic chemoheterotrophic conditions in the absence of light.[1] C. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen.[2] It is remarkably metabolically diverse, as it is able to grow heterotrophically via fermentation, as well as aerobic and anaerobic respiration. This metabolic versatility has made C. sphaeroides a subject of interest as a microbial cell factory for various biotechnological applications.[3]
Cereibacter sphaeroides has been isolated from deep lakes and stagnant waters.[2]
Cereibacter sphaeroides is a model organism for the study of bacterial photosynthesis. It grows under standard laboratory conditions and exhibits high photosynthetic efficiency. The regulation of its photosynthetic machinery is a significant research focus, as C. sphaeroides possesses an intricate system for sensing O2 tension.[4] In response to reduced oxygen tension, the organism forms invaginations in its cytoplasmic membrane that house the photosynthetic apparatus. These structures, known as chromatophores, play a key role in light-driven energy generation.[4]
The genome of C. sphaeroides is also notable for its complexity. It has two circular chromosomes, one of 3 Mb (CI) and one of 900 Kb (CII), and five native plasmids. Although many genes are duplicated between CI and CII, they appear to be differentially regulated. Numerous open reading frames (ORFs) on CII encode proteins of unknown function. Disruption of these genes frequently leads to various types of auxotrophy, suggesting that CII is functionally distinct and not a truncated version of CI.[5]
- ^ Mackenzie C, Eraso JM, Choudhary M, Roh JH, Zeng X, Bruscella P, et al. (2007). "Postgenomic adventures with Rhodobacter sphaeroides". Annu Rev Microbiol. 61: 283–307. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093402. PMID 17506668.
- ^ a b De Universiteit van Texas over Rhodobacter sphaeroides Archived 2009-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Orsi E, Beekwilder J, Eggink G, Kengen SW, Weusthuis RA (2020). "The transition of Rhodobacter sphaeroides into a microbial cell factory". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 118 (2): 531–541. doi:10.1002/bit.27593. PMC 7894463. PMID 33038009.
- ^ a b Oh, JI.; Kaplan, S. (Mar 2001). "Generalized approach to the regulation and integration of gene expression". Mol Microbiol. 39 (5): 1116–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02299.x. PMID 11251830. S2CID 27053575.
- ^ Mackenzie, C; Simmons, AE; Kaplan, S (1999). "Multiple chromosomes in bacteria. The yin and yang of trp gene localization in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1". Genetics. 153 (2): 525–38. doi:10.1093/genetics/153.2.525. PMC 1460784. PMID 10511537.