Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Other namesCervical dysplasia
Positive visual inspection with acetic acid of the cervix for CIN-1
SpecialtyGynecology

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer.[1] More specifically, CIN refers to the potentially precancerous transformation of cells of the cervix.

CIN most commonly occurs at the squamocolumnar junction of the cervix, a transitional area between the squamous epithelium of the vagina and the columnar epithelium of the endocervix.[2] It can also occur in vaginal walls and vulvar epithelium. CIN is graded on a 1–3 scale, with 3 being the most abnormal (see classification section below).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for the development of CIN, but not all with this infection develop cervical cancer.[3] Many women with HPV infection never develop CIN or cervical cancer. Typically, HPV resolves on its own.[4] However, those with an HPV infection that lasts more than one or two years have a higher risk of developing a higher grade of CIN.[5]

Like other intraepithelial neoplasias, CIN is not cancer and is usually curable.[3] Most cases of CIN either remain stable or are eliminated by the person's immune system without need for intervention. However, a small percentage of cases progress to cervical cancer, typically cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), if left untreated.[6]

  1. ^ Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 718–721. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
  2. ^ "Colposcopy and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a beginner's manual". screening.iarc.fr. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference williams2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer". www.who.int. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  5. ^ Boda D, Docea AO, Calina D, Ilie MA, Caruntu C, Zurac S, Neagu M, Constantin C, Branisteanu DE, Voiculescu V, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Tsatsakis AM (March 2018). "Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review)". International Journal of Oncology. 52 (3): 637–655. doi:10.3892/ijo.2018.4256. PMC 5807043. PMID 29393378.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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