Chloroethane
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Chloroethane | |||
| Other names
Ethyl chloride, Monochloroethane, Chlorene, Muriatic ether, EtCl, UN 1037, Hydrochloric Ether, Chelen, Kelene[1]
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| Identifiers | |||
CAS Number
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.755 | ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
Chemical formula
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C2H5Cl | ||
| Molar mass | 64.51 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Pungent, ethereal[2] | ||
| Density | 0.921 g/cm3 (0-4 °C)[3] 0.8898 g/cm3 (25 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −138.7 °C (−217.7 °F; 134.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 12.27 °C (54.09 °F; 285.42 K) decomposes at 510 °C[4] | ||
Solubility in water
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0.447 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.574 g/100 mL (20 °C)[5][4] | ||
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether[6] | ||
| Solubility in ethanol | 48.3 g/100 g (21 °C)[4] | ||
| Vapor pressure | 8.4 kPa (-40 °C) 62.3 kPa (0 °C)[7] 134.6 kPa (20 °C)[2] | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
11.1 L·atm/mol (24 °C)[2] | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.3676 (20 °C) 1.001 (25 °C)[2] | ||
| Viscosity | 0.279 cP (10 °C)[2] | ||
| Structure | |||
Dipole moment
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2.06 D | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
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104.3 J/mol·K[4] | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
275.7 J/mol·K[4] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−137 kJ/mol[4][7] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−59.3 kJ/mol[4] | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| N01BX01 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Flammable | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
Pictograms
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[3] | ||
Signal word
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Danger | ||
Hazard statements
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H220, H351, H412[3] | ||
Precautionary statements
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P210, P273, P281, P410+P403[3] | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K) open cup[5] −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K) closed cup[3][6] | ||
Autoignition
temperature |
494 to 519 °C (921 to 966 °F; 767 to 792 K)[4][6] | ||
| Explosive limits | 3.8%-15.4%[8] | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration)
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59,701 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 54,478 ppm (mouse, 2 hr) [9] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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40,000 ppm (guinea pig, 45 min)[9] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3)[8] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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Handle with caution in the workplace.[8] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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3800 ppm[8] | ||
| Legal status |
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| Related compounds | |||
Related haloalkanes
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1,1-dichloroethane 1,2-dichloroethane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
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Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3CH2Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.[11]
Ethyl chloride was first synthesized by Basil Valentine by reacting ethanol and hydrochloric acid in 1440.[11] Glauber made it in 1648 by reacting ethanol and zinc chloride.[11]
- ^ Helbing, H. (1895). Modern materia medica for pharmacists, medical men, and students. USA: Lehn & Fink.
- ^ a b c d e CID 6337 from PubChem
- ^ a b c d e Sigma-Aldrich Co., Chloroethane. Retrieved on 2014-05-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Chloroethane".
- ^ a b "Summary of Emissions Associated with Sources of Ethyl Chloride". nepis.epa.gov. National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP). Retrieved 2014-05-26.
- ^ a b c "Material Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). www.mathesongas.com. Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
- ^ a b Ethyl chloride in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-26)
- ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0267". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b "Ethyl chloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Rosswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).