Chlorosome
| Bacteriochlorophyll c-binding protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Bac_chlorC | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF02043 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001470 | ||||||||
| CATH | 2k37 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
A chlorosome is a light-harvesting complex found in green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and many green non-sulfur bacteria (GNsB), together known as green bacteria.[2] It is a type of chromatophore, an organelle found in photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. purple bacteria). Chlorosomes are ellipsoidal bodies. They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments.
Green sulfur bacteria are a group of organisms that generally live in extremely low-light environments, such as at depths of 100 metres in the Black Sea. The ability to capture light energy and rapidly deliver it to where it needs to go is essential to these bacteria, some of which see only a few photons of light per chlorophyll per day. To achieve this, the bacteria contain chlorosome structures, which contain up to 250,000 chlorophyll molecules. In GSB, their length varies from 100 to 200 nm, width of 50–100 nm and height of 15–30 nm;[3] in GNsB, the chlorosomes are somewhat smaller.
- ^ Bryant, D.A. et al. Molecular Contacts for Chlorosome Envelope Proteins Revealed by Cross-Linking Studies with Chlorosomes from Chlorobium tepidum. Biochemistry 45, pp. 9095-9103 (2006)
- ^ Shively, J.M.; Cannon, G.C.; Heinhorst, S.; Fuerst, J.A.; Bryant, D.A.; Gantt, E.; Maupin-Furlow, J.A.; Schüler, D.; Pfeifer, F.; Docampo, R.; Dahl, C.; Preiss, J.; Steinbüchel, A.; Federici, B.A. (2009). "Intracellular Structures of Prokaryotes: Inclusions, Compartments and Assemblages". Encyclopedia of Microbiology. pp. 404–424. doi:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00048-1. ISBN 9780123739445.
Chlorosomes are the light-harvesting organelles of green bacteria, which include all known members of the phylum Chlorobi (green sulfur bacteria) and most filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs belonging to the Chloroflexi.
- ^ Martinez-Planells A, Arellano JB, Borrego CM, López-Iglesias C, Gich F, Garcia-Gil J (2002). "Determination of the topography and biometry of chlorosomes by atomic force microscopy". Photosynthesis Research. 71 (1–2): 83–90. doi:10.1023/A:1014955614757. hdl:10261/7789. PMID 16228503. S2CID 20689329.