Combined injectable birth control
| Combined injectable birth control | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal |
| First use | By 1969 |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0–0.2%[1] |
| Typical use | ? |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | 1 month |
| User reminders | ? |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Benefits | Especially good if poor pill compliance |
Combined injectable contraceptives (CICs) are a form of hormonal birth control for women. They consist of monthly injections of combined formulations containing an estrogen and a progestin to prevent pregnancy.
CICs are different from progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs), such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; brand names Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104) and norethisterone enantate (NETE; brand name Noristerat), which are not combined with an estrogen and are given once every two to three months instead of once a month.[2]
Hormonal contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, but it may also thicken the cervical mucus inhibiting sperm penetration.[3][4][5] Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium,[6][7] that theoretically could affect implantation.[8][9][10][11]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
contrareportFDAAproveLunellewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
BagadePawar2014was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tamara Callahan MD , Aaron Caughey MD , Blueprints Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
- ^ KD Tripathi , Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 2013
- ^ Dc Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics, 2014
- ^ K. A. Petrie, A. H. Torgal, C. L. Westhoff, Matched-pairs analysis of ovarian suppressionduring oral vs. vaginal hormonal contraceptive use, „Contraception” 2011, t. 84, p. e2-3
- ^ R. L. Birtch, O. A. Olatunbosum, R. A. Pierson, Ovarian follicular dynamics during conventional vs continuous oral contraceptive use, „Contraception” 2006, t. 73, p. 235. p. 239.
- ^ K. Bugge, K. S. Richter, J. Bromer, et al., Pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization are reduced with a thin endometrium, but are unrelated to endometrial thickness above 10 millimeters,„Fertility and Sterility” 2004, t. 82, p. S199.
- ^ T. Fiumino, A. Kuwata, A. Teranischi et al., Significance of endometrium thickness to evaluate endometrial receptivity for embryos in natural cycle, „Fertility and Sterility” 2008, t. 90,p. S159.
- ^ K. S. Richter, K. R. Bugge, J. G. Bromer, Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1. 294 cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos, „Fertility and Sterility” 2007, t. 87, p. 53.
- ^ Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D (1999). "The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 181 (5 Pt 1): 1263–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70120-1. PMID 10561657.