Copper IUD
| Copper IUD | |
|---|---|
Photo of a common IUD (Paragard T 380A) | |
| Background | |
| Type | Intrauterine |
| First use | 1970s[1] |
| Trade names | copper-T, ParaGard, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0.6%[2] |
| Typical use | 0.8%[2] |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | 5–12+ years[1] |
| Reversibility | rapid[1] |
| User reminders | ? |
| Clinic review | Annually |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Periods | May be heavier and more painful[3] |
| Benefits | Unnecessary to take any daily action. Emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days |
| Risks | <1 in 100: pelvic infection within 20 days of insertion 1.1 in 1000: uterine perforation |
A copper intrauterine device (IUD), also known as an intrauterine coil, copper coil, or non-hormonal IUD, is a form of long-acting reversible contraception and one of the most effective forms of birth control available.[4][3] It can also be used for emergency contraception within five days of unprotected sex.[3] The device is placed in the uterus and lasts up to twelve years, depending on the amount of copper present in the device.[3][1] It may be used for contraception regardless of age or previous pregnancy, and may be placed immediately after a vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, or surgical abortion.[5][6] Following its removal, fertility quickly returns.[1]
Common side effects include heavy menstrual periods and increased menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). Rarely, the device may come out or perforate the uterine wall.[3][1]
The copper IUD was initially developed in Germany in the early 1900s, but came into widespread medical use in the 1970s.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7][8]
- ^ a b c d e f g Goodwin TM, Montoro MN, Muderspach L, Paulson R, Roy S (2010). Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology (5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 494–496. ISBN 978-1-4443-9034-6. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017.
- ^ a b Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy" (PDF). In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W Jr, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 15, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 370–2. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Winner2012was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lopez LM, Bernholc A, Hubacher D, Stuart G, Van Vliet HA, et al. (Cochrane Fertility Regulation Group) (June 2015). "Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (6): CD003036. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003036.pub3. PMC 10777269. PMID 26115018.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 557–559. ISBN 978-0-85711-156-2.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Schäfer-Korting M (2010). Drug Delivery. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 290. ISBN 978-3-642-00477-3. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017.