Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine
	Above: molecular structure of dexmedetomidine Below: 3D ball and stick representation of a dexmedetomidine molecule
Clinical data
Trade names	Precedex, others
Other names	MPV-1440;
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Dexmedetomidine;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B1;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous, sublingual, buccal
ATC code	N05CM18 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); US: ℞-only; EU: Rx-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	94% (mostly albumin)
Metabolism	Near complete hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites
Elimination half-life	2–4 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (S)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole;
CAS Number	113775-47-6 ;
PubChem CID	68602;
DrugBank	DB00633 ;
ChemSpider	4470605 ;
UNII	67VB76HONO;
KEGG	D00514 ; as HCl: D01205 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4466 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL778 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10873388 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.119.391
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H16N2
Molar mass	200.285 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cc2cccc([C@H](C)c1c[nH]cn1)c2C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H16N2/c1-9-5-4-6-12(10(9)2)11(3)13-7-14-8-15-13/h4-8,11H,1-3H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1 ; Key:CUHVIMMYOGQXCV-NSHDSACASA-N ;
	(verify)

Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation.^[4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses.^[10]^[11] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.^[5] It is administered as an intravenous solution or as a buccal or sublingual film.^[1]

Similar to clonidine, dexmedetomidine is a sympatholytic drug that acts as an agonist of α₂-adrenergic receptors in certain parts of the brain.^[12] It was developed by Orion Pharma.

^ ^a ^b Faden J, Musselman M, Citrome L (February 2023). "Sublingual dexmedetomidine: repurposing an anesthetic as an anti-agitation agent". Expert Rev Neurother. 23 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2174430. PMID 36707066.
^ "DEXMEDETOMIDINE FRESENIUS (Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd)". Department of Health and Aged Care. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18.
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Precedex- dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection, solution". DailyMed. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Igalmi- dexmedetomidine film". DailyMed. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
^ "Sileo EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
^ "Dexdomitor EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 14 December 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
^ "Dexdomitor PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 5 September 2002. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
^ Cite error: The named reference Weerink_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Marly-Voquer C, Schwarzwald CC, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R (January 2016). "The use of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion for horses undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion--A case series". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 57 (1): 70–75. PMC 4677613. PMID 26740702.
^ "Dexdomitor". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
^ Cite error: The named reference Cormack2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FadenMusselmanCitrome2023-1] Faden J, Musselman M, Citrome L (February 2023). "Sublingual dexmedetomidine: repurposing an anesthetic as an anti-agitation agent". Expert Rev Neurother. 23 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2174430. PMID 36707066.

[2] "DEXMEDETOMIDINE FRESENIUS (Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd)". Department of Health and Aged Care. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18.

[3] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[Precedex_FDA_label-4] "Precedex- dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection, solution". DailyMed. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.

[Igalmi_FDA_label-5] "Igalmi- dexmedetomidine film". DailyMed. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.

[6] "Sileo EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2024.

[7] "Dexdomitor EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 14 December 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2024.

[8] "Dexdomitor PI". Union Register of medicinal products. 5 September 2002. Retrieved 26 December 2024.

[Weerink_2017-9] Cite error: The named reference Weerink_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[10] Marly-Voquer C, Schwarzwald CC, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R (January 2016). "The use of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion for horses undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion--A case series". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 57 (1): 70–75. PMC 4677613. PMID 26740702.

[11] "Dexdomitor". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-08-02.

[Cormack2005-12] Cite error: The named reference Cormack2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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