Digital contact tracing

Digital contact tracing is a method of contact tracing relying on tracking systems, most often based on mobile devices, to determine contact between an infected patient and a user.[2] It came to public prominence in the form of COVID-19 apps during the COVID-19 pandemic.[3][4][5] Since the initial outbreak, many groups have developed nonstandard protocols designed to allow for wide-scale digital contact tracing, most notably BlueTrace and Exposure Notification.[6][7]

When considering the limitations of mobile devices, there are two competing ways to trace proximity: GPS and Bluetooth; each with their own drawbacks. Additionally, the protocols can either be centralized or decentralized, meaning contact history can either be processed by a central health authority, or by individual clients in the network. On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.[8]

  1. ^ Ferretti, Luca; Wymant, Chris; Kendall, Michelle; Zhao, Lele; Nurtay, Anel; Abeler-Dörner, Lucie; Parker, Michael; Bonsall, David; Fraser, Christophe (2020-03-31). "Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing". Science. 368 (6491): eabb6936. doi:10.1126/science.abb6936. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 7164555. PMID 32234805.
  2. ^ "Digital contact tracing technologies in epidemics: a rapid review". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
  3. ^ Bogle, Ariel (2020-04-17). "Five questions we need answered about the government's coronavirus contact tracing app". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  4. ^ Kim, Max S. (2020-04-17). "Seoul's Radical Experiment in Digital Contact Tracing". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  5. ^ Shendruk, Amrita Khalid, Amanda (2020-04-16). "How Bluetooth could bring digital contact tracing for Covid-19 to billions". Quartz. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2020-04-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Bay, Jason; Kek, Joel; Tan, Alvin; Sheng Hau, Chai; Yongquan, Lai; Tan, Janice; Anh Quy, Tang (2020-04-09). "BlueTrace: A privacy-preserving protocol for community-driven contact tracing across borders" (PDF). Government Technology Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  7. ^ "Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing". Apple. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  8. ^ Sharon, Tamar (2021). "Blind-sided by privacy? Digital contact tracing, the Apple/Google API and big tech's newfound role as global health policy makers". Ethics and Information Technology. 23 (Suppl 1): 45–57. doi:10.1007/s10676-020-09547-x. PMC 7368642. PMID 32837287.
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