Diltiazem
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /dɪlˈtaɪəzɛm/ |
| Trade names | Cardizem, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a684027 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
| Drug class | Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 40% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 3–4.5 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney Bile duct |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.050.707 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H26N2O4S |
| Molar mass | 414.52 g·mol−1 |
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Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias.[9] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used.[9] It is taken by mouth or given by injection into a vein.[9] When given by injection, effects typically begin within a few minutes and last a few hours.[9]
Common side effects include swelling, dizziness, headaches, and low blood pressure.[9] Other severe side effects include an overly slow heart beat, heart failure, liver problems, and allergic reactions.[9] Use is not recommended during pregnancy.[9] It is unclear if use when breastfeeding is safe.[1]
Diltiazem works by relaxing the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, resulting in them opening and allowing blood to flow more easily.[9] Additionally, it acts on the heart to prolong the period until it can beat again.[10] It does this by blocking the entry of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels.[11] It is a class IV antiarrhythmic.[12]
Diltiazem was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[9] In 2022, it was the 100th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions.[13][14] An extended release formulation is also available.[5][6][9]
- ^ a b "Diltiazem Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Dilcardia SR 120 mg Prolonged-release hard capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". emc. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "Angitil SR/XL Capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "Cardizem–diltiazem hydrochloride tablet, coated". DailyMed. 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Cardizem CD–diltiazem hydrochloride capsule, coated, extended release". DailyMed. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Cardizem LA–diltiazem hydrochloride tablet, extended release". DailyMed. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "Cartia XT- diltiazem hydrochloride capsule, extended release". DailyMed. 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Active substance(s): diltiazem" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 11 January 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Diltiazem Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics. Cardiotext Publishing. 2011. pp. 251–52. ISBN 978-1-935395-62-1. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ Nurse's Drug Handbook. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2010. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-7637-7900-9.
- ^ Milne GW (2005). Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals: Synonyms, Trade Names, and Properties. John Wiley & Sons. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-471-73661-5. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Diltiazem Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 1 September 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.