Dukes' disease

Dukes' disease, named after Clement Dukes (1845–1925),[1][2] also known as fourth disease,[3] Filatov-Dukes' disease (after Nil Filatov),[4] Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS),[5] or Ritter's disease[6] is an exanthem (rash-causing) illness primarily affecting children and historically described as a distinct bacterial infection, though its existence as a separate disease entity is now debated.

It is distinguished from measles or forms of rubella, though it was considered as a form of bacterial rash.[3] Although Dukes identified it as a separate entity, it is thought not to be different from scarlet fever caused by exotoxin-producing Streptococcus pyogenes after Keith Powell proposed equating it with the condition currently known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1979.[3][7]

It was never associated with a specific pathogen,[8] and the terminology is no longer in use.[3] However, a mysterious rash of unknown cause in school children often gives rise to the question of whether it could be Dukes' disease.[9]

  1. ^ Ninkov T, Cadogan M (15 August 2022). "Fifth disease". Life in the Fast Lane. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  2. ^ Dukes C (1900). "On the confusion of two different diseases under the name of rubella (rose-rash)". The Lancet. 156 (4011): 89–95. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)65681-7.
  3. ^ a b c d Weisse ME (January 2001). "The fourth disease, 1900-2000". Lancet. 357 (9252): 299–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0. PMID 11214144. S2CID 35896288.
  4. ^ Dukes-Filatov disease at Whonamedit?
  5. ^ Ross A, Shoff HW (2024). "Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 28846262. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  6. ^ "Skin Rashes: Diseases 1-6". www.atsu.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  7. ^ Powell KR (January 1979). "Filatow-Dukes' disease. Epidermolytic toxin-producing staphylococci as the etiologic agent of the fourth childhood exanthem". American Journal of Diseases of Children. 133 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1979.02130010094020. PMID 367152.
  8. ^ Morens DM, Katz AR (September 1991). "The "fourth disease" of childhood: reevaluation of a nonexistent disease". American Journal of Epidemiology. 134 (6): 628–640. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116135. PMID 1951267.
  9. ^ "Dukes' return? On the trail of the mysterious rash in school children". Healio, Infectious Diseases in Children. April 2002. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  10. ^ CDC (2024-06-18). "Photos of Measles". Measles (Rubeola). Retrieved 2024-07-27.
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