Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Other namesAthetoid cerebral palsy
The basal ganglia plays essential roles in voluntary motor function. Various forms of damage to the basal ganglia can cause a range of movement disorders.
SymptomsDystonia, choreoathetosis
Usual onsetBirth
DurationLifelong
CausesPerinatal asphyxia, neonatal shock, hyperbilirubinaemia
TreatmentSupportive

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP), also known as athetoid cerebral palsy or ADCP, is a subtype of cerebral palsy that is characterized by dystonia, choreoathetosis, and impaired control of voluntary movement.[1][2] Unlike spastic or ataxic cerebral palsies, dyskinetic cerebral palsy is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone.[3][4] Clinical diagnosis of ADCP typically occurs within 18 months of birth and is primarily based upon motor function and neuroimaging techniques.[5][6] While there are no cures for ADCP, some drug therapies as well as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy have shown capacity for treating the symptoms.

Like other forms of CP, it si primarily associated with damage to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury.[7]

Classification of cerebral palsy can be based on severity, topographic distribution, or motor function. Severity is typically assessed via the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (described further below).[4] Classification based on motor characteristics classifies CP as occurring from damage to either the corticospinal pathway or extrapyramidal regions.[3] Athetoid dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a non-spastic, extrapyramidal form of cerebral palsy (spastic cerebral palsy, in contrast, results from damage to the brain's corticospinal pathways).[3]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rosenbaum, DMCN, 2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Monbaliu, DMCN, 2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Jones was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference O'Shea was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference ADCP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hou et al was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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