Embryonic hemoglobin

The human embryonic haemoglobins were discovered in 1961.[1][2] These include Hb-Gower 1, consisting of 2 zeta chains and 2 epsilon chains, and Hb-Gower 2, which consists of 2 αlpha-chains and 2 epsilon-chains, the zeta and epsilon chains being the embryonic haemoglobin chains.

Embryonic hemoglobin is a tetramer produced in the blood islands in the embryonic yolk sac during the mesoblastic stage (from 3rd week of pregnancy until 3 months). The protein is commonly referred to as hemoglobin ε.

Chromosomal abnormalities can lead to a delay in switching from embryonic hemoglobin.[3]

  1. ^ "Two new haemoglobin variants in a very young human embryo. , E.R., Flynn, F.V., Butler, E.A. and Beaven,G.H., Nature,189,496,1961."
  2. ^ "Human Embryonic Haemoglobins, Huehns, E.R., Dance, N., Beaven, G.H., Keil, J.V., Hecht,F. and Motulski, A.G.,Nature,201,1095,1964"
  3. ^ Al-Mufti R, Hambley H, Farzaneh F, Nicolaides KH (July 2000). "Fetal and embryonic hemoglobins in erythroblasts of chromosomally normal and abnormal fetuses at 10-40 weeks of gestation". Haematologica. 85 (7): 690–3. PMID 10897119.
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