Endosulfan

Endosulfan
Names
IUPAC name
6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro- 6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide
Other names
Benzoepin, Endocel, Parrysulfan, Phaser, Thiodan, Thionex
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference
 1262315
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.709
EC Number
  • 204-079-4
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • RB9275000
UNII
UN number 2761
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,7-,8+,19+/m0/s1 Y
    Key: RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-QDLMHMFQSA-N Y
  • InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2
    Key: RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYAH
  • InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,7-,8+,19+/m0/s1
    Key: RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-QDLMHMFQBI
SMILES
  • Cl[C@@]3(Cl)[C@]1(Cl)C(/Cl)=C(/Cl)[C@@]3(Cl)[C@H]2[C@@H2]OS(=O)O[C@@H2] [C@H]12
Properties
Chemical formula
 C9H6Cl6O3S
Molar mass 406.90 g·mol−1
Appearance Brown crystals[1]
Odor slight sulfur dioxide odor[1]
Density 1.745 g/cm3
Melting point 70 to 100 °C (158 to 212 °F; 343 to 373 K)
Boiling point decomposes[1]
Solubility in water
 0.33 mg/L
Vapor pressure 0.00001 mmHg (25 °C)[1]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 T, Xi, N
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H301, H302, H410
Precautionary statements
 P264, P270, P273, P301+P310, P301+P312, P321, P330, P391, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
1
0
Flash point noncombustible[1]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 mg/m3 [skin][1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide, which acts by blocking the GABA-gated chloride channel of the insect (IRAC group 2A).[2] It became highly controversial[3] due to its acute toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and role as an endocrine disruptor. Because of its threats to human health and the environment, a global ban on the manufacture and use of endosulfan was negotiated under the Stockholm Convention in April 2011. The ban took effect in mid-2012, with certain uses exempted for five additional years.[4] More than 80 countries,[5] including the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, several West African nations,[6] the United States,[7][8] Brazil,[9] and Canada[10] had already banned it or announced phase-outs by the time the Stockholm Convention ban was agreed upon. It is still used extensively in India and China despite laws against its use. It is also used in a few other countries. It is produced by the Israeli firm Makhteshim Agan and several manufacturers in India and China. On May 13, 2011, the India Supreme Court ordered a ban on the production and sale of endosulfan in India, pending further notice.[11]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0251". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ Sparks, Thomas C; Storer, Nicholas; Porter, Alan; Slater, Russell; Nauen, Ralf (2021). "Insecticide resistance management and industry: the origins and evolution of the I nsecticide R esistance A ction C ommittee (IRAC) and the mode of action classification scheme". Pest Management Science. 77 (6): 2609–2619. Bibcode:2021PMSci..77.2609S. doi:10.1002/ps.6254. ISSN 1526-498X. PMC 8248193. PMID 33421293.
  3. ^ "Bayer to stop selling endosulfan". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. July 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  4. ^ Mathew, Roy (2011-04-29). "Stockholm Convention approves recommendation for ban on endosulfan". The Hindu.
  5. ^ "Endosulfan: Supreme Court to hear seeking ban on Monday". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 May 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference aus-weeklytimes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cone, Marla. EPA Bans Pesticide Found on Cucumbers, Zucchini, Green Beans and Other Vegetables. Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine The Daily Green. June 10, 2010.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference EPA2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Agrow - Endosulfan ban in Brazil from 2013". Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  10. ^ PMRA: Re-evaluation Note REV2011-01, Discontinuation of Endosulfan http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/pest/_decisions/rev2011-01/index-eng.php
  11. ^ "Ban of Endosulfan".
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