Enthesis

Enthesis
Typical joint
Identifiers
THH3.03.00.0.00034
Anatomical terminology

The enthesis (plural entheses) is the connective tissue which attaches tendons or ligaments to a bone.[1]

There are two types of entheses: fibrous entheses and fibrocartilaginous entheses.[2][3]

In a fibrous enthesis, the collagenous tendon or ligament directly attaches to the bone.

In a fibrocartilaginous enthesis, the interface presents a gradient that crosses four transition zones:[4]

  1. Tendinous area displaying longitudinally oriented fibroblasts and a parallel arrangement of collagen fibres
  2. Fibrocartilaginous region of variable thickness where the structure of the cells changes to chondrocytes
  3. Abrupt transition from cartilaginous to calcified fibrocartilage—often called 'tidemark' or 'blue line'
  4. Bone
  1. ^ "enthesis". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05.
  2. ^ Thomopoulos S, Birman V, Genin G, eds. (2012). Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology. New York: Springer. ISBN 9781461433163.
  3. ^ Rothrauff BB, Tuan RS (January 2014). "Cellular therapy in bone-tendon interface regeneration". Organogenesis. 10 (1): 13–28. doi:10.4161/org.27404. PMC 4049890. PMID 24326955.
  4. ^ Genin GM, Thomopoulos S (May 2017). "The tendon-to-bone attachment: Unification through disarray". Nature Materials. 16 (6): 607–608. Bibcode:2017NatMa..16..607G. doi:10.1038/nmat4906. PMC 5575797. PMID 28541313.
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