Fibromyalgia

Not to be confused with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome nor with Myelofibrosis.

Fibromyalgia
Other namesFibromyalgia syndrome
Possible pain areas in the most used fibromyalgia diagnosis criteria (ACR 2016)
Pronunciation
  • /ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/[1]
SpecialtyRheumatology, neurology[2]
SymptomsWidespread pain, fatigue, sleep problems[3][4]
Usual onsetEarly–Middle age[5]
DurationLong term[3]
CausesUncertain[4][5]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes[4][5]
Differential diagnosisAnemia, autoimmune disorders (such as ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or multiple sclerosis), Lyme disease, osteoarthritis, thyroid disease[6][7]
TreatmentSufficient sleep and exercise[5]
MedicationDuloxetine, milnacipran, pregabalin[8]
PrognosisNormal life expectancy[5]
Frequency2%[4]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a long-term condition[9] characterised by widespread chronic pain. Current diagnosis also requires an above-threshold severity score from among six other symptoms: fatigue, trouble thinking or remembering, waking up tired (unrefreshed), pain or cramps in the lower abdomen, depression, and/or headache. Other symptoms may also be experienced. The causes of fibromyalgia are unknown, with several pathophysiologies proposed.[10]

Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2 to 4% of the population.[11] Women are affected at a higher rate than men.[4][11] Rates appear similar across areas of the world and among varied cultures.[4] Fibromyalgia was first recognised in the 1950s,[12] and defined in 1990, with updated criteria in 2011,[4] 2016,[13] and 2019.[14]

The treatment of fibromyalgia is symptomatic[15] and multidisciplinary.[16] Aerobic and strengthening exercise is recommended.[16] Duloxetine, milnacipran, and pregabalin can give short-term pain relief to some people with FM.[8] Symptoms of fibromyalgia persist long-term in most patients.[17]

Fibromyalgia is associated with a significant economic and social burden, and it can cause substantial functional impairment among people with the condition.[18] People with fibromyalgia can be subjected to significant stigma and doubt about the legitimacy of their symptoms, including in the healthcare system.[12][19] FM is associated with relatively high suicide rates.[20]

  1. ^ "fibromyalgia". Collins Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  2. ^ "Neurology Now: Fibromyalgia: Is Fibromyalgia Real? | American Academy of Neurology". tools.aan.com. October 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference pmid21303476 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Clauw DJ (April 2014). "Fibromyalgia: a clinical review". JAMA. 311 (15): 1547–1555. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3266. PMID 24737367.
  5. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference NIH2014Tx was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Fibromyalgia" in: Ferri FF (2011). "F". Ferri's Differential Diagnosis. pp. 177–191. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-07699-9.50010-4. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  7. ^ Schneider MJ, Brady DM, Perle SM (2006). "Commentary: differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome: proposal of a model and algorithm for patients presenting with the primary symptom of chronic widespread pain". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 29 (6): 493–501. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.06.010. PMID 16904498.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Fibromyalgia". nhs.uk. 20 October 2017.
  10. ^ "Was weiß man über die Entstehung von Fibromyalgie?". gesundheitsinformation.de.
  11. ^ a b Fitzcharles MA, Cohen SP, Clauw DJ, Littlejohn G, Usui C, Häuser W (May 2021). "Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions". Lancet. 397 (10289): 2098–2110. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00392-5. PMID 34062144.
  12. ^ a b "Fibromyalgia: causes and treatment". gesund.bund.de. 21 October 2022.
  13. ^ Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RL, et al. (December 2016). "2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 46 (3): 319–329. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012. PMID 27916278.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Arnold-2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Prab2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Macfarlane-2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hauser2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference :11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Gill H, Perez CD, Gill B, El-Halabi S, Lee Y, Lipsitz O, et al. (8 June 2021). "The Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviour in Fibromyalgia Patients". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 108 110078. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110078. PMID 32853715.
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