Guaifenesin

Guaifenesin
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ɡwaɪˈfɛnɪsɪn/[1]
gwy-FEH-nih-seen
Trade namesMucinex, others
Other namesGlyceryl guaiacolate
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682494
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classExpectorant
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismKidney
Elimination half-life1–5 hours[2]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (RS)-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.002.021
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H14O4
Molar mass198.218 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
SMILES
  • O(c1ccccc1OC)CC(O)CO
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C10H14O4/c1-13-9-4-2-3-5-10(9)14-7-8(12)6-11/h2-5,8,11-12H,6-7H2,1H3 Y
  • Key:HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  (verify)

Guaifenesin, also known as glyceryl guaiacolate, sold under the brand name Mucinex, among others,[3] is an expectorant medication taken by mouth and marketed as an aid to eliminate sputum from the respiratory tract. Chemically, it is an ether of guaiacol and glycerine. It may be used in combination with other medications.[4] A 2014 study found that guaifenesin does not affect sputum volume in upper respiratory infections (the upper respiratory system includes most breathing parts above the lungs).[5][6] It has been alleged to work in 2023[4] by making airway secretions more liquid.

Side effects may include dizziness, sleepiness, skin rash, and nausea.[4] While it has not been properly studied in pregnancy, it appears to be safe.[7]

Guaifenesin has been used medically since at least 1933.[8] It is available as a generic medication and over-the-counter (OTC).[4][7] In 2022, it was the 295th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 400,000 prescriptions.[9][10] In 2022, the combination dextromethorphan/guaifenesin was the 290th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 400,000 prescriptions.[9][11]

  1. ^ "Guaifenesin Definition & Meaning". Merriam-Webster.
  2. ^ Aluri JB, Stavchansky S (1993). "Determination of guaifenesin in human plasma by liquid chromatography in the presence of pseudoephedrine". J Pharm Biomed Anal. 11 (9): 803–808. doi:10.1016/0731-7085(93)80072-9. PMID 8218524.
  3. ^ "Guaifenesin Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d "Guaifenesin: Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  5. ^ Hoffer-Schaefer A, Rozycki HJ, Yopp MA, Rubin BK (May 2014). "Guaifenesin has no effect on sputum volume or sputum properties in adolescents and adults with acute respiratory tract infections". Respiratory Care. 59 (5): 631–636. doi:10.4187/respcare.02640. PMID 24003241.
  6. ^ O'Connell OJ (May 2014). "Is extended-release guaifenesin no better than a placebo?". Respir Care. 59 (5): 788–9. doi:10.4187/respcare.03319. PMID 24789023.
  7. ^ a b Weiner CP, Rope K (2013). The Complete Guide to Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Everything You Need to Know to Make the Best Choices for You and Your Baby. St. Martin's Press. p. PT282. ISBN 9781250037206.
  8. ^ Riviere JE, Papich MG (2013). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons. p. 287. ISBN 9781118685907.
  9. ^ a b "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Guaifenesin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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