Gynaecology

Gynaecology
A dilating vaginal speculum, a tool for examining the vagina, in a model of the female reproductive system
SystemFemale reproductive system
Subdivisions
  • Oncology
  • Maternal medicine
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
Significant diseasesGynaecological cancers, infertility, dysmenorrhea
Significant testsLaparoscopy
SpecialistGynaecologist

Gynaecology or gynecology (see American and British English spelling differences) is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the female reproductive system. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN).[1]

Gynaecology encompasses both primary and preventative care of issues related to female reproduction and sexual health, such as the uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts; subspecialties include family planning; minimally invasive surgery; pediatric and adolescent gynecology; and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery.

While gynaecology has traditionally centered on women, it increasingly encompasses anyone with female organs,[2] including transgender, intersex, and nonbinary individuals; however, many men face accessibility issues due to stigma, bias, and systemic exclusion in healthcare.

  1. ^ "Obstetrics and gynecology". www.cancer.gov. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
  2. ^ Ratini, Melinda (ed.). "What Is a Gynecologist?". WebMD. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
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