H&E stain

Hematoxylin and eosin stain (or haematoxylin and eosin stain or hematoxylin–eosin stain; often abbreviated as H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal tissue stains used in histology.[1][2][3] It is the most widely used stain in medical diagnosis[1] and is often the gold standard.[4] For example, when a pathologist looks at a biopsy of a suspected cancer, the histological section is likely to be stained with H&E.

H&E is the combination of two histological stains: hematoxylin and eosin. The hematoxylin stains cell nuclei a purplish blue, and eosin stains the extracellular matrix and cytoplasm pink, with other structures taking on different shades, hues, and combinations of these colors.[5][6] Hence a pathologist can easily differentiate between the nuclear and cytoplasmic parts of a cell, and additionally, the overall patterns of coloration from the stain show the general layout and distribution of cells and provides a general overview of a tissue sample's structure.[7] Thus, pattern recognition, both by expert humans themselves and by software that aids those experts (in digital pathology), provides histologic information.

This stain combination was introduced in 1877 by chemist Nicolaus Wissozky at the Kazan Imperial University in Russia.[7][8]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Titford, 2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Smith, 2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dapson and Horobin, 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rosai, 2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Chan, 2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bancroft and Stevens, 1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Wittekind, 2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Titford, 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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