High-dose estrogen therapy

High-dose estrogen therapy
Drug class
Estradiol valerate, an estrogen which has been used as a means of HDE.
Class identifiers
SynonymsPseudopregnancy (when used in combination with a progestogen)
ATC codeG03C
Biological targetEstrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, mERs (e.g., GPER, others))
Chemical classSteroidal; Nonsteroidal
Legal status
In Wikidata

High-dose estrogen therapy (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given.[1] When given in combination with a high dose of progestogen, it has been referred to as pseudopregnancy.[2][3][4][5] It is called this because the estrogen and progestogen levels achieved are in the range of the very high levels of these hormones that occur during pregnancy.[6] HDE and pseudopregnancy have been used in medicine for a number of hormone-dependent indications, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometriosis, among others.[1][7][2] Both natural or bioidentical estrogens and synthetic estrogens have been used and both oral and parenteral routes may be used.[8][9]

  1. ^ a b Coelingh Bennink HJ, Verhoeven C, Dutman AE, Thijssen J (January 2017). "The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer". Maturitas. 95: 11–23. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.10.010. PMID 27889048.
  2. ^ a b Victor Gomel, Andrew Brill (27 September 2010). Reconstructive and Reproductive Surgery in Gynecology. CRC Press. pp. 90–. ISBN 978-1-84184-757-3.
  3. ^ Ulrich U, Pfeifer T, Lauritzen C (September 1994). "Rapid increase in lumbar spine bone density in osteopenic women by high-dose intramuscular estrogen-progestogen injections. A preliminary report". Hormone and Metabolic Research. 26 (9): 428–31. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1001723. PMID 7835827. S2CID 260169203.
  4. ^ Ulrich U, Pfeifer T, Buck G, Keckstein J, Lauritzen C (1995). "High-dose estrogen-progestogen injections in gonadal dysgenesis, ovarian hypoplasia, and androgen insensitivity syndrome: Impact on bone density". Adolescent and Pediatric Gynecology. 8 (1): 20–23. doi:10.1016/S0932-8610(12)80156-3. ISSN 0932-8610.
  5. ^ Kistner RW (1959). "The Treatment of Endometriosis by Inducing Pseudopregnancy with Ovarian Hormones". Fertility and Sterility. 10 (6): 539–556. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)33602-0. ISSN 0015-0282.
  6. ^ Kenneth L. Becker (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1059–1060. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2.
  7. ^ Oh WK (September 2002). "The evolving role of estrogen therapy in prostate cancer". Clinical Prostate Cancer. 1 (2): 81–9. doi:10.3816/cgc.2002.n.009. PMID 15046698.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid17239273 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid2664738 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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