Hydroxocobalamin
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | vitamin B12, vitamin B12a, hydroxycobalamin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a605007 |
| Routes of administration | Oral, Intramuscular, intravenous |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | Very high (90%) |
| Metabolism | Primarily liver, cobalamins are absorbed in the ileum and stored in the liver. |
| Elimination half-life | ~6 days |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.198 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C62H89CoN13O15P |
| Molar mass | 1346.377 g·mol−1 |
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Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.[1] As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.[1][2] Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.[3][4] It is given by injection into a muscle or vein,[2] by pill or sublingually.
Side effects are generally few.[2] They may include diarrhea, feeling sick, hot flushes, itchiness, low blood potassium, allergic reactions, and high blood pressure.[2] Normal doses are considered safe in pregnancy.[5] No overdosage or toxicity has been reported with this drug.[2] Hydroxocobalamin is the natural form of vitamin B12 and a member of the cobalamin family of compounds.[6][7] It is found in both raw and cooked beef, together with other cobalamins.[8] Hydroxocobalamin, or another form of vitamin B12, are required for the body to make DNA.[7]
Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication.[2] Commercially it is made using one of a number of types of bacteria.[11]
- ^ a b World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 251. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ a b c d e f "Vitamin B12". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ MacLennan L, Moiemen N (February 2015). "Management of cyanide toxicity in patients with burns". Burns. 41 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2014.06.001. PMID 24994676.
- ^ "Hydroxocobalamin 1mg in 1ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Hydroxocobalamin Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ Bullock S, Manias E (2013). Fundamentals of Pharmacology. Pearson Higher Education AU. p. 862. ISBN 9781442564411. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12". ods.od.nih.gov. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ Czerwonka M, Szterk A, Waszkiewicz-Robak B (March 2014). "Vitamin B12 content in raw and cooked beef". Meat Science. 96 (3): 1371–1375. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.022. PMID 24361556.
- ^ Eitenmiller RR, Landen WO (2010). Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences. CRC Press. p. 467. ISBN 9781420050165. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Vitamins, 6. B Vitamins". Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 9783527303854.