Intracranial hemorrhage
| Intracranial hemorrhage | |
|---|---|
| Axiali CT scan of a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Same symptoms as ischemic stroke, but unconsciousness, headache, nausea, stiff neck, and seizures are more often in brain hemorrhages than ischemic strokes |
| Complications | Coma, persistent vegetative state, cardiac arrest (when bleeding is in the brain stem or is severe), death |
| Types | Intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural bleed, subdural bleed |
| Causes | Stroke, head injury, ruptured aneurysm |
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) refers to any form of bleeding within the skull.[1] It can result from trauma, vascular abnormalities, hypertension, or other medical conditions. ICH is broadly categorized into several subtypes based on the location of the bleed: intracerebral hemorrhage (including intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages), subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subdural hematoma. Each subtype has distinct causes, clinical features, and treatment approaches.[2]
- ^ Caceres, J. Alfredo; Goldstein, Joshua N. (2013-08-01). "Intracranial hemorrhage". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 771–794. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2012.06.003. ISSN 1558-0539. PMC 3443867. PMID 22974648.
- ^ Naidich, Thomas P., ed. (2013). Imaging of the brain. Expert radiology series. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-5009-4. OCLC 820170496.