Isoflurane

Isoflurane
Clinical data
Trade namesForane, others
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Inhalation
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of action1.14±0.35 min to 50% steady-state.[5]
Elimination half-life~10 minutes[5]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 2-chloro-2-difluoromethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.043.528
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC3H2ClF5O
Molar mass184.49 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.496 g/cm3 [6]
Boiling point48.5 °C (119.3 °F) [6]
Solubility in water13.5 mM (at 25 °C (77 °F))[7]
SMILES
  • FC(F)(F)C(Cl)OC(F)F
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H Y
  • Key:PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Isoflurane, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a halogenated ether used as a general anesthetic.[4][8] It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia; however, other medications are often used to start anesthesia, due to airway irritation with isoflurane.[3][9] Isoflurane is given via inhalation.[4]

Isoflurane was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[4][10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11][12]

  1. ^ "Isoflurane Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  2. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  3. ^ a b "Isoflurane 100% Inhalation Vapour, Liquid - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 29 October 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d "Forane- isoflurane inhalant". DailyMed. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  5. ^ a b Freiermuth D, Mets B, Bolliger D, Reuthebuch O, Doebele T, Scholz M, et al. (December 2016). "Sevoflurane and Isoflurane-Pharmacokinetics, Hemodynamic Stability, and Cardioprotective Effects During Cardiopulmonary Bypass". Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 30 (6): 1494–1501. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.07.011. PMID 27692704.
  6. ^ a b "Isoflurane". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
  7. ^ Seto T, Mashimo T, Yoshiya I, Kanashiro M, Taniguchi Y (January 1992). "The solubility of volatile anaesthetics in water at 25.0 degrees C using 19F NMR spectroscopy". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 10 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/0731-7085(92)80003-6. PMID 1391078.
  8. ^ Aglio LS, Lekowski RW, Urman RD (2015). Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review: Keywords, Questions and Answers for the Boards. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9781107681309. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
  9. ^ Kliegman R, Stanton B, St Geme J, Schor NF (2015). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 420. ISBN 9780323263528. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
  10. ^ "Forane: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  11. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  12. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
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