Janthinobacterium lividum

Janthinobacterium lividum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Pseudomonadati
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Betaproteobacteria
Order:	Burkholderiales
Family:	Oxalobacteraceae
Genus:	Janthinobacterium
Species:	J. lividum
Binomial name
	Janthinobacterium lividum; (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)
Type strain
	ATCC 12473; CCUG 2344; CIP 103349; DSM 1522; HAMBI 1919; JCM 9043; LMG 2892; NCTC 9796; VKM B-1223
Synonyms
	Bacillus lividus Eisenberg 1891; Bacillus violaceus berolinensis Kruse 1896; Bacterium lividus [sic] (Eisenberg 1891) Chester 1897; Bacillus berolinensis Chester 1901; Chromobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) Bergey et al. 1923; Chromobacterium violaceum Ford 1927; Chromobacterium amethystinum Breed et al. 1957; Chromobacterium violaceum Leifson 1956; Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939;

Janthinobacterium lividum is an aerobic, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium that has a distinctive dark-violet (almost black) color, due to a compound called violacein, which is produced when glycerol is metabolized as a carbon source.^[2] Violacein has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Its antifungal properties are of particular interest, since J. lividum is found on the skin of certain amphibians, including the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), where it prevents infection by the devastating chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).^[3]

^ Kämpfer, P.; Falsen, E.; Busse, H. J. (2008). "Reclassification of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 as a later heterotypic synonym of Janthinobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58 (Pt 1): 136–138. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65450-0. PMID 18175698.
^ Pantanella, F; Berlutti, F; Passariello, C; Sarli, S; Morea, C; Schippa, S (2007). "Violacein and biofilm production in Janthinobacterium lividum". J Appl Microbiol. 102 (4): 992–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03155.x. PMID 17381742.
^ "Small Things Considered: What You Didn't Know About Janthinobacterium". Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2012.

[1] Kämpfer, P.; Falsen, E.; Busse, H. J. (2008). "Reclassification of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 as a later heterotypic synonym of Janthinobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58 (Pt 1): 136–138. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65450-0. PMID 18175698.

[2] Pantanella, F; Berlutti, F; Passariello, C; Sarli, S; Morea, C; Schippa, S (2007). "Violacein and biofilm production in Janthinobacterium lividum". J Appl Microbiol. 102 (4): 992–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03155.x. PMID 17381742.

[3] "Small Things Considered: What You Didn't Know About Janthinobacterium". Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2012.

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