Lazarus syndrome
| Lazarus Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Lazarus phenomenon, Lazarus heart, autoresuscitation after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
Lazarus syndrome (the Lazarus heart), also known as autoresuscitation after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation,[1] is the spontaneous return of a normal cardiac rhythm after failed attempts at resuscitation. It is also used to refer to the spontaneous return of cardiac activity after the patient has been pronounced dead.[2] The phenomenon was first described in medical journals in 1982, and has been noted at least 38 times since then.[3][4] It was named the "Lazarus Phenomenon" by Jack G. Bray in 1993,[5][6] referring to Lazarus of Bethany who, according to the New Testament, was raised from the dead by Jesus.[7]
Occurrences of the syndrome are extremely rare, and the causes are not well understood. One hypothesis for the phenomenon is that a chief factor (though not the only one) is the buildup of pressure in the chest as a result of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The relaxation of pressure after resuscitation efforts have ended is thought to allow the heart to expand, triggering the heart's electrical impulses and restarting the heartbeat.[2] Other possible factors are hyperkalemia or high doses of adrenaline.[7]
- ^ Hornby K, Hornby L, Shemie SD (May 2010). "A systematic review of autoresuscitation after cardiac arrest". Crit. Care Med. 39 (5): 1246–53. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d8caaa. PMID 20228683. S2CID 25038385.
- ^ a b Ben-David M.D., Bruce; et al. (2001). "Survival After Failed Intraoperative Resuscitation: A Case of "Lazarus Syndrome"". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 92 (3): 690–92. doi:10.1213/00000539-200103000-00027. PMID 11226103.
- ^ Adhiyaman, Vedamurthy; Adhiyaman, Sonja; Sundaram, Radha (2007). "The Lazarus phenomenon". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 100 (12): 552–57. doi:10.1177/0141076807100012013. PMC 2121643. PMID 18065707.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
delaware-casewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Bray, Jack G. M.D.. The Lazarus Phenomenon Revisited. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 78(5):p 991, May 1, 1993. | DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199305000-00030
- ^ Rzeźniczek, Piotr; Gaczkowska, Agnieszka Danuta; Kluzik, Anna; Cybulski, Marcin; Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, Alicja; Grześkowiak, Małgorzata (15 July 2023). "Lazarus Phenomenon or the Return from the Afterlife—What We Know about Auto Resuscitation". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 12 (14): 4704. doi:10.3390/jcm12144704. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 10380628. PMID 37510819.
- ^ a b Walker, A.; H. McClelland; J. Brenchley (2001). "The Lazarus Documentary following recreational drug use". Emerg Med J. 18 (1): 74–75. doi:10.1136/emj.18.1.74. PMC 1725503. PMID 11310473.