Levator ani

Levator ani
Levator ani
	Left levator ani seen from within.
	Coronal section through the male anal canal. B. Cavity of urinary bladder V.D. Vas deferens. S.V. Seminal vesicle. R. Second part of rectum. A.C. Anal canal. L.A. Levator ani. I.S. Internal anal sphincter. E.S External anal sphincter.
Details
Origin	Inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis
Insertion	Inner surface of coccyx, levator ani of opposite side, and into structures that penetrate it.
Artery	Inferior gluteal artery
Nerve	Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus: levator ani nerve (S4); inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4); coccygeal plexus; ; Puborectalis: S3, S4; levator ani nerve;
Actions	Supports the viscera in pelvic cavity
Identifiers
Latin	musculus levator ani
TA98	A04.5.04.002
TA2	2403
FMA	19087
	Anatomical terms of muscle

The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle group, situated on either side of the pelvis. It is formed from three muscle components: the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus, and the puborectalis.^[3]

It is attached to the inner surface of each side of the lesser pelvis, and these unite to form the greater part of the pelvic floor. The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm.

It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it.

The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus.^[4]

^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2nd ed. 2002. Page 217
^ Wallner C, Maas C, Dabhoiwala N, Lamers W, Deruiter M (2006). "Evidence for the innervation of the puborectalis muscle by the levator ani nerve". Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18 (12): 1121–1122. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00846.x. PMID 17109696. S2CID 29088779.
^ Drake, Richard; Vogl, A. Wayne; Mitchell, Adam (2015). Gray's Anatomy for Students (Third ed.). Elsevier.
^ Christopher R. Chapple (2006). Multidisciplinary Management of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-443-07272-7.

[Moore217-1] Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2nd ed. 2002. Page 217

[2] Wallner C, Maas C, Dabhoiwala N, Lamers W, Deruiter M (2006). "Evidence for the innervation of the puborectalis muscle by the levator ani nerve". Neurogastroenterol Motil. 18 (12): 1121–1122. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00846.x. PMID 17109696. S2CID 29088779.

[3] Drake, Richard; Vogl, A. Wayne; Mitchell, Adam (2015). Gray's Anatomy for Students (Third ed.). Elsevier.

[Chapple2006-4] Christopher R. Chapple (2006). Multidisciplinary Management of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-443-07272-7.

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