Levocetirizine

Levocetirizine
Clinical data
Trade namesXyzal, Levazyr, others
Other namesLevocetirizine dihydrochloride
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607056
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classSecond generation antihistamines
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityHigh
Protein binding91–92%[2]
MetabolismMinimal (less than 14%, primarily CYP3A4)[2]
Elimination half-life8 to 9 hours[2]
ExcretionUrine: 85%[2]
Feces: 12.9%[2]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 2-(2-{4-[(R)-(4-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)acetic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H25ClN2O3
Molar mass388.89 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • Clc1ccc(cc1)[C@H](N2CCN(CCOCC(=O)O)CC2)c3ccccc3
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C21H25ClN2O3/c22-19-8-6-18(7-9-19)21(17-4-2-1-3-5-17)24-12-10-23(11-13-24)14-15-27-16-20(25)26/h1-9,21H,10-16H2,(H,25,26)/t21-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-OAQYLSRUSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause.[3] It is less sedating than older antihistamines.[4] It is taken by mouth.[3]

Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea.[3] Use in pregnancy appears safe but has not been well studied and use when breastfeeding is of unclear safety.[5] It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine and works by blocking histamine H1-receptors.[6][3]

Levocetirizine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007,[3] and is available as a generic medication.[4] In 2022, it was the 152nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.[7][8]

  1. ^ "Xyzal Allergy 24HR- levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 10 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Levocetirizine dihydrochloride- levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  4. ^ a b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 280–281. ISBN 9780857113382.
  5. ^ "Levocetirizine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  6. ^ Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, et al. (August 2008). "The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 122 (2 Suppl): S1-84. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003. PMID 18662584.
  7. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  8. ^ "Levocetirizine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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