Livedoid vasculopathy
| Livedoid vasculopathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Livedoid vasculitis, Livedo reticularis with summer/winter ulceration, Segmental hyalinizing vasculitis.[1] |
| Livedoid Vasculopathy ulcer at the ankle. | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Livedoid changes, atrophie blanche, and uclers.[2] |
| Risk factors | Antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis-predisposing genetic disorders, and paraproteinemias.[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Histopathology.[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Chronic venous disease, peripheral vascular disease, and vasculitis.[2] |
| Treatment | Pain management, wound care, smoking cessation, compression, antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulants.[2] |
| Frequency | 1 in 1,00,000 per year.[3] |
Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an uncommon thrombotic dermal vasculopathy that is characterized by excruciating, recurrent ulcers on the lower limbs.[4] Livedo racemosa, along with painful ulceration in the distal regions of the lower extremities, is the characteristic clinical appearance. It heals to form porcelain-white, atrophic scars, also known as Atrophie blanche.[5]
Livedoid vasculopathy has been linked to various conditions that can induce hypercoagulability, including neoplasms, autoimmune connective-tissue diseases, and inherited and acquired thrombophilias.[5]
The history, clinical findings, and histopathological analysis are combined to make the diagnosis.[5]
Prompt and suitable intervention mitigates discomfort and averts the formation of wounds and additional complications. In addition to general supportive measures, anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications can be considered the first-line treatments.[6]
- ^ "Monarch Initiative". Monarch Initiative. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "UpToDate". UpToDate. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Majmundar, Vidit D.; Baxi, Kalgi (August 8, 2023). "Livedoid Vasculopathy". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32644463. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Eswaran, Harish; Googe, Paul; Vedak, Priyanka; Marston, William A; Moll, Stephan (2022). "Livedoid vasculopathy: A review with focus on terminology and pathogenesis". Vascular Medicine. 27 (6): 593–603. doi:10.1177/1358863X221130380. ISSN 1358-863X. PMC 9732787. PMID 36285834.
- ^ a b c Burg, Maria Rosa; Mitschang, Carolin; Goerge, Tobias; Schneider, Stefan Werner (October 3, 2022). "Livedoid vasculopathy – A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge". Frontiers in Medicine. 9. Frontiers Media SA. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1012178. ISSN 2296-858X. PMC 9574051. PMID 36262273.
- ^ Bilgic, Asli; Ozcobanoglu, Salih; Bozca, Burcin Cansu; Alpsoy, Erkan (2021). "Livedoid vasculopathy: A multidisciplinary clinical approach to diagnosis and management". International Journal of Women's Dermatology. 7 (5). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 588–599. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.08.013. ISSN 2352-6475. PMC 8721056. PMID 35024414.