Melphalan
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Alkeran, Evomela, Phelinun, others |
| Other names | (2S)-2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682220 |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, intra-arterial |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 25–89% (By mouth) |
| Metabolism | Hydrolysis to inactive metabolites |
| Elimination half-life | 1.5 ± 0.8 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney (IV: 5.8–21.3%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.207 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C13H18Cl2N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 305.20 g·mol−1 |
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Melphalan, sold under the brand name Alkeran among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat multiple myeloma; malignant lymphoma; lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia; childhood neuroblastoma; ovarian cancer; mammary adenocarcinoma; and uveal melanoma.[2][3][5][6] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[6]
Common side effects include nausea and bone marrow suppression.[6] Other severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and the development of other cancers.[6] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus.[7] Melphalan belongs to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents.[6] It works by interfering with the creation of DNA and RNA.[6]
Melphalan was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[9]
- ^ "Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Alkeran- melphalan tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Evomela FDA labelwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Highlights of prescribing information - These highlights do not include all the information needed to use HEPZATO safely and effectively" (PDF). www.accessdata.fda.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2023.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Phelinun EPARwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g "Melphalan Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ "Melphalan Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 873–874. ISBN 9780857113382.