Microkeratome

A microkeratome is a precision surgical instrument with an oscillating blade designed for creating the corneal flap in LASIK or ALK surgery.[1] The normal human cornea varies from around 500 to 600 μm in thickness; and in the LASIK procedure, the microkeratome creates an 83 to 200 μm thick flap. The microkeratome uses an oscillating blade system, which has a blade that oscillates horizontally as the blade travels vertically for a precise cut. This piece of equipment is used all around the world to cut the cornea flap. The microkeratome is also used in Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), where it is used to slice a thin layer from the back of the donor cornea, which is then transplanted into the posterior cornea of the recipient.[2] It was invented by Jose Barraquer and Cesar Carlos Carriazo in the 1950s in Colombia.[3][4] [5][6]

As of 2023, there are two options for cutting into the cornea, the microkeratome and the femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser emits ultrashort pulses that act as a blade to cut through the eye with precision and accuracy. Many surgeons differ in using a femtosecond laser or a microkeratome for their operations. Most surgeons and patients prefer the bladeless femtosecond laser. [6]

  1. ^ Xia LK, Yu J, Chai GR, Wang D, Li Y (August 2015). "Comparison of the femtosecond laser and mechanical microkeratome for flap cutting in LASIK". International Journal of Ophthalmology. 8 (4): 784–90. doi:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.25. PMC 4539628. PMID 26309880.
  2. ^ Stuart AJ, Virgili G, Shortt AJ (2016). "Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty versus Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for corneal endothelial failure". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD012097. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012097.
  3. ^ "José I. Barraquer, MD". ASCRS Ophthalmology Hall of Fame. American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. 1999.
  4. ^ Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M (April 2012). "The history of LASIK". Journal of Refractive Surgery. 28 (4): 291–8. doi:10.3928/1081597X-20120229-01. PMID 22496438.
  5. ^ Health, Center for Devices and Radiological (2023-06-13). "LASIK". FDA. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  6. ^ a b Patel, Sanjay V.; Maguire, Leo J.; McLaren, Jay W.; Hodge, David O.; Bourne, William M. (August 2007). "Femtosecond Laser versus Mechanical Microkeratome for LASIK". Ophthalmology. 114 (8): 1482–1490. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.057. PMID 17350688.
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