Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome

Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
Other namesUndervirilized male syndrome
AIS results when the function of the androgen receptor (AR) is impaired. The AR protein (pictured) mediates the effects of androgens in the human body.
SpecialtyEndocrinology 

Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is an intersex condition that results in a mild impairment of the cell's ability to respond to androgens.[1][2][3] The degree of impairment is sufficient to impair spermatogenesis and / or the development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty in males, but does not affect genital differentiation or development. Female genital and sexual development is not significantly affected by the insensitivity to androgens;[3][4] as such, MAIS is only diagnosed in males.[1] The clinical phenotype associated with MAIS is a normal male habitus with mild spermatogenic defect and / or reduced secondary terminal hair.[1][5][6][7][8][9]

MAIS is one of three types of androgen insensitivity syndrome, which is divided into three categories that are differentiated by the degree of genital masculinization: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is phenotypically female, mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is phenotypically male, and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is indicated when the external genitalia is partially, but not fully masculinized.[1][2][5][6][7][10][11][12][13]

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is the largest single entity that leads to 46,XY undermasculinization.[14]

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference 2006 hughes 20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 2008 galani 7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 1995 quigley 16 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2002 giwercman 87 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 2008 zuccarello 68 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 2006 ferlin 65 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 2009 stouffs 15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2001 giwercman 54 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2003 lund 79 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2010 ozulker 24 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2007 davis-dao 92 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2005 kawate 90 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2005 gottlieb 10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference 1999 ahmed 80 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.