Nipple reconstruction surgery

Nipple reconstruction, specifically nipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction, is a procedure commonly done for patients who had part or all of their nipple removed for medical reasons.[1] For example, NAC reconstruction can apply to breast cancer patients who underwent a mastectomy, the surgical removal of a breast.[2][3] NAC reconstruction can also be applied to patients with trauma, burn injuries, and congenital or pathological abnormalities in nipple development.[4][5]

The visual appearance of the NAC, including its relative position, size, color, shape, and texture, varies between individuals.[5] Therefore, aesthetics is an important consideration when surgeons reconstruct the NAC to ensure it appears natural and pleasing to the patient. There are different methods for NAC reconstruction; however, in general, the procedure is safe and can be performed under local anesthesia.[1][5]

  1. ^ a b Nipple Reconstruction (PDF). Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Mastectomy". NHS. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  3. ^ Satteson ES, Brown BJ, Nahabedian MY (February 2017). "Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Gland Surgery. 6 (1): 4–13. doi:10.21037/gs.2016.08.01. PMC 5293653. PMID 28210547.
  4. ^ Khoo D, Ung O, Blomberger D, Hutmacher DW (April 2019). "Nipple Reconstruction: A Regenerative Medicine Approach Using 3D-Printed Tissue Scaffolds". Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews. 25 (2): 126–134. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0253. PMID 30379123. S2CID 53109244.
  5. ^ a b c Nimboriboonporn A, Chuthapisith S (February 2014). "Nipple-areola complex reconstruction". Gland Surgery. 3 (1): 35–42. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.02.06. PMC 4115772. PMID 25083492.
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